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Argentina was first explored by Juan Diaz de Solis. After its exploration, Argentina was mostly in Spanish power. Argentina's biggest city, Buenos Aires, was established in 1580. After British forces were forced out of the country in 1806-1807, and when Napoleon Bonaparte conquered Spain 1808, Argentina started pulling for a new independent country. In 1810, Argentina had created its own self governing government and on July 9, 1816, Argentina had gained its independence. During World War l, Argentina remained neutral. During the end of World War ll, Argentina declared war against the Axis power on March 27, 1945. After the war, Juan Peron, an army colonel, emerged as the new president for Argentina. His time in office ended when he was exiled in office in 1955. Argentina had a lot of dictators ruling the country for short periods of time. Peron would later return back in office in 1973, and was succeeded by his current wife Isabel Martinez, after his death in 1974. In 1976, the Dirty War erupted. After Martinez was exiled from office, Jorge Rafael Videla emerged with power of the government. Under Videla power, anybody who opposed of his and his government actions, would be eliminated or kidnapped. This would lead to the start of the Dirty War. During the Dirty War, an estimate of 10,000-30,000 people had disappeared. The Dirty War ended around 1981.